The Adi Granth of Sikhs, and Panchvani of the Hindu warrior-ascetic group Dadupanthis are the two oldest attested sources of the literary works of Guru Ravidas. Khare similarly has questioned the textual sources on Ravidas, and mentions there are few "readily available and reliable textual sources on the Hindu and Untouchable treatment of Ravidas." Literary works The first three are close with some morphological variants without affecting the meaning, but the 1687 version systematically inserts verses into the text, at various locations, with caste-related statements, new claims of Brahmins persecuting Guru Ravidas, notes on the untouchability of Ravidas, claims of Kabir giving Ravidas ideas, ridicules of nirguni and saguni ideas, and such text corruption: Callewaert considers the 1676 version as the standard version, his critical edition of Ravidas's hagiography excludes all these insertions, and he remarks that the cleaner critical version of Anantadas's parcais suggests that there is more in common in the ideas of bhakti movement's Ravidas, Kabir and Sen than previously thought. Of these four manuscripts are complete, collated and have been dated to 1662, 1665, 16. Winnand Callewaert notes that some 30 manuscripts of Anantadas's hagiography on Guru Ravidas have been found in different parts of India. Over time new manuscripts of Parcais of Anantadas were reproduced, some in different local languages of India. This text, called the Parcaīs (or Parchais), included Ravidas among the sants whose biography and poems were included. Other than these, the scriptures and texts of Sikh tradition and the Hindu Dadupanthi traditions, most other written sources about the life of Ravidas, including by the Ravidasi (followers of Guru Ravidas), were composed in the early 20th century, or about 400 years after his death. The 17th-century Nabhadas's Bhaktamal, and the Parcais of Anantadas, both contain chapters on Guru Ravidas. This text, composed over 170 years after Guru Ravidas' death, in 1693, includes him as one of the seventeen saints of Indian religious tradition. Another substantial source of legends and stories about the life of Ravidas is the hagiography in the Sikh tradition, named Premambodha. These poems are one of the oldest attested source of his ideas and literary works. He is revered in the Sikh scripture, and 41 of Guru Ravidas' poems are included in the Adi Granth.
Most scholars believe that Guru Ravidas met Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. As his poetic hymns in regional languages inspired others, people from various background sought his teachings and guidance. He abandoned saguna (with attributes, image) forms of supreme beings, and focussed on the nirguna (without attributes, abstract) form of supreme beings. He travelled extensively, visiting Hindu pilgrimage sites in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and those in the Himalayas. His ideas and fame grew over his lifetime, and texts suggest Brahmins (members of priestly upper caste) used to bow before him. However, the medieval text titled Ratnavali says Guru Ravidas gained his spiritual knowledge from Ramananda and was a follower of the Ramanandi Sampradaya tradition. He is traditionally considered as Kabir's younger contemporary. Medieval era texts, such as the Bhaktamal suggest that Guru Ravidas was the disciple of the Brahmin bhakti-poet Ramananda. The text Anantadas Parcai is one of the earliest surviving biographies of various Bhakti movement poets which talks about the birth of Ravidas. Thereafter he spent most of his life in the company of Sufi saints, sadhus and ascetics. While his original occupation was leather work, he began to spend most of his time in spiritual pursuits at the banks of the Ganges. His parents belonged to a leather-working Chamar community making them an untouchable caste. Mata Kalsi was his mother, and his father was Santokh Dass. His birthplace is now known as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan. He was born in the village of Sir Gobardhan, near Varanasi in what is now Uttar Pradesh, India. Guru Ravidas was also known as Guru Raidas. Scholars state he was born in 1450 CE and died in 1520 CE. The details of Ravidas's life are not well known. 4.4 Guru Ravidas and Bhagtani Meera Bai.3.2 One man: two divergent claims on his views and philosophy.3.1 Monistic Brahman or Anthropomorphic God.2.1 Guru Ravidas literature on symbolism.
0 kommentar(er)
